System and method for improved capacity using channel multiplexing

ABSTRACT

A base station may receive repetitive data transmitted using a particular set of radio resources The base station may apply a first orthogonal pattern, assigned to a first user equipment (UE), to a segment of subframes of the received repetitive data. The base station may apply a second orthogonal pattern, assigned to a second UE, to the segment of subframes of the received repetitive data. The base station may determine first repetitive data, transmitted by the first UE using the particular set of radio resources, based on applying the first orthogonal pattern to the segment of subframes of the received repetitive data. The base station may determine second repetitive data, transmitted by the second UE using the particular set of radio resources, based on applying the second orthogonal pattern to the segment of subframes of the received repetitive data.

BACKGROUND

Narrowband technologies, such as Cat-M1 and Cat NB1 refine LTEtechnology for use in “Internet of Things” (IoT) and machine-to-machine(M2M) applications. These categories allow for LTE to be cost efficientand power efficient as required by many applications that need arelatively low amount of throughput.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams of an overview of an example implementationdescribed herein;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example environment in which systems and/ormethods, described herein, may be implemented;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of example components of one or more devices of FIG.2;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an example process for assigning orthogonalpatterns to UEs and scheduling the UEs to transmit repetitive data usinga same set of radio resources;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams of an example implementation relating tothe example process shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an example process for applying an orthogonalpattern to repetitive data, and transmitting the repetitive data using aparticular set of radio resources;

FIGS. 7A-7C are diagrams of an example implementation relating to theexample process shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an example process for applying assignedorthogonal patterns to received repetitive data, associated withmultiple UEs, to differentiate repetitive data transmitted by themultiple UEs using a particular set of radio resources; and

FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams of an example implementation relating tothe example process shown in FIG. 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following detailed description of example implementations refers tothe accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in differentdrawings may identify the same or similar elements.

A narrowband solution for LTE, such as Cat-M1, may rely on repetitivedata transmissions in order to improve coverage. For example, userequipment (UE) (e.g., an IoT device, a M2M device, a user device, or thelike) may repeat data in multiple consecutive subframes (e.g., in 10consecutive subframes, in 30 consecutive subframes, in 100 consecutivesubframes, or the like) in order to improve coverage. As a particularexample, a Cat-M1 UE transmitting voice over LTE (VoLTE) data (e.g., onepacket of data) may transmit the data 32 times in 32 consecutivesubframes (e.g., where each subframe is 1 millisecond (ms) in duration).

However, transmission of repetitive data by the UE means that other UEsmay be prevented from transmitting using the radio resources used by theUE for the repetitive transmission. For example, in a case where sixphysical resource blocks (PRBs) are available on the uplink (e.g., 1.4megahertz (MHz) of bandwidth), if a UE requires three PRBs for atransmission (e.g., 540 MHz), then only two UEs may be supported at agiven time. This may cause delay in transmissions by the other UEs, andis not an efficient use of available radio resources.

Implementations described herein may provide for channel multiplexingthat allows a base station to receive and decode repetitive datatransmissions from multiple UEs that use the same set of radio resourcesto transmit the repetitive data. This allows more efficient utilizationof radio resources used for repetitive data transmissions (e.g., ascompared to allowing a single UE to use a given set of radio resourcesat a given time). Furthermore, delay in a transmission by a UE may bereduced (e.g., since multiple UEs may transmit more frequently).

FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams of an overview of an example implementation100 described herein. As shown in FIG. 1A, example implementation 100may include a number (N, where N>1) of UEs (UE1 to UEN) and a basestation, such as an eNodeB (eNB). As shown by reference number 105, theeNB may group UE1 through UEN such that UE1 through UEN may transmitrepetitive data using a same set of radio resources.

As shown by reference number 110, the eNB may assign patterns (e.g.,orthogonal patterns, identified as pattern 1 through pattern N) to eachof UE1 through UEN. As shown by reference numbers 115 and 120, the eNBmay provide, to UE1 through UEN, information that identifies a patternto be applied by each UE. As shown by reference number 125, the eNB maythen schedule UE1 through UEN to transmit repetitive data using a sameset of radio resources.

As shown in FIG. 1B, and by reference number 130, UE1 may apply pattern1 to repetitive data to be transmitted by UE1 using the set of radioresources scheduled by the eNB. Similarly, as shown by reference number135, UEN may apply pattern N to repetitive data to be transmitted by UENusing the set of radio resources. Each of any other UEs in the group ofUE1 through UEN may similarly apply an assigned pattern to repetitivedata to be transmitted by that UE. As shown by reference number 140, UE1through UEN may each transmit their respective repetitive data using thesame set of radio resources (i.e., the set of radio resources scheduledby the eNB). As shown by reference number 145, eNB may receive therepetitive data in the set of radio resources, and may apply each ofpattern 1 through pattern N to the repetitive data. Here, based onapplying each pattern to the data received in the set of radioresources, the eNB may differentiate the repetitive data transmitted byeach of UE1 through UEN, respectively.

In this way, more efficient utilization of radio resources used forrepetitive data transmissions is enabled (e.g., as compared to allowinga single UE to use a given set of radio resources at a given time).Furthermore, delay in a transmission by a UE is reduced (e.g., sincemultiple UEs may transmit more frequently and do not need to wait forthe single UE to finish transmitting).

As indicated above, FIGS. 1A and 1B are provided merely as an example.Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described withregard to FIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example environment 200 in which systemsand/or methods, described herein, may be implemented. As shown in FIG.2, environment 200 may include UEs 205-1 through 205-N (N>1); a basestation 210; a mobility management entity device (MME) 215; a servinggateway (SGW) 220; a packet data network gateway (PGW) 225; a homesubscriber server (HSS) 230; an authentication, authorization, andaccounting server (AAA) 235; and a network 240. Devices of environment200 may interconnect via wired connections, wireless connections, or acombination of wired and wireless connections.

Some implementations are described herein as being performed within along term evolution (LTE) network for explanatory purposes. Someimplementations may be performed within a network that is not an LTEnetwork, such as a third generation (3G) network.

Environment 200 may include an evolved packet system (EPS) that includesan LTE network and/or an evolved packet core (EPC) that operate based ona third generation partnership project (3GPP) wireless communicationstandard. The LTE network may include a radio access network (RAN) thatincludes one or more base stations 210 that take the form of evolvedNode Bs (eNBs) via which UE 205 communicates with the EPC. The EPC mayinclude MME 215, SGW 220, and/or PGW 225 that enable UE 205 tocommunicate with network 240 and/or an Internet protocol (IP) multimediasubsystem (IMS) core. The IMS core may include HSS 230 and/or AAA 235,and may manage device registration and authentication, sessioninitiation, etc., associated with UEs 205. HSS 230 and/or AAA 235 mayreside in the EPC and/or the IMS core.

UE 205 includes one or more devices capable of communicating with basestation 210 and/or a network (e.g., network 240). For example, UE 205may include a mobile phone (e.g., a smart phone, a radiotelephone,etc.), a computing device (e.g., a desktop computer, a laptop computer,a tablet computer, a handheld computer, a camera, an audio recorder, acamcorder, etc.), an appliance (e.g., a refrigerator, a microwave, astove, etc.), a medical device, a car, a light bulb, a sensor, amachine-to-machine (M2M) device, and/or any other smart device. In otherwords, UE 205 may be any “thing” in the IoT. In some implementations, UE205 may send traffic to and/or receive traffic from network 240 (e.g.,via base station 210, SGW 220, and/or PGW 225).

Base station 210 includes one or more devices capable of transferringtraffic, such as audio, video, text, and/or other traffic, destined forand/or received from UE 205. In some implementations, base station 210may include an eNB associated with the LTE network that receives trafficfrom and/or sends traffic to network 240 via SGW 220 and/or PGW 225.Additionally, or alternatively, one or more base stations 210 may beassociated with a RAN that is not associated with the LTE network. Basestation 210 may send traffic to and/or receive traffic from UE 205 viaan air interface. In some implementations, base station 210 may includea small cell base station, such as a base station of a microcell, apicocell, and/or a femtocell.

MME 215 includes one or more devices, such as one or more serverdevices, capable of managing authentication, activation, deactivation,and/or mobility functions associated with UE 205. In someimplementations, MME 215 may perform operations relating toauthentication of UE 205. Additionally, or alternatively, MME 215 mayfacilitate the selection of a particular SGW 220 and/or a particular PGW225 to serve traffic to and/or from UE 205. MME 215 may performoperations associated with handing off UE 205 from a first base station210 to a second base station 210 when UE 205 is transitioning from afirst cell associated with the first base station 210 to a second cellassociated with the second base station 210. Additionally, oralternatively, MME 215 may select another MME (not pictured), to whichUE 205 should be handed off (e.g., when UE 205 moves out of range of MME215).

SGW 220 includes one or more devices capable of routing packets. Forexample, SGW 220 may include one or more data processing and/or traffictransfer devices, such as a gateway, a router, a modem, a switch, afirewall, a network interface card (NIC), a hub, a bridge, a serverdevice, an optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM), or any other type ofdevice that processes and/or transfers traffic. In some implementations,SGW 220 may aggregate traffic received from one or more base stations210 associated with the LTE network, and may send the aggregated trafficto network 240 (e.g., via PGW 225) and/or other network devicesassociated with the EPC and/or the IMS core. SGW 220 may also receivetraffic from network 240 and/or other network devices, and may send thereceived traffic to UE 205 via base station 210. Additionally, oralternatively, SGW 220 may perform operations associated with handingoff UE 205 to and/or from an LTE network.

PGW 225 includes one or more devices capable of providing connectivityfor UE 205 to external packet data networks (e.g., other than thedepicted EPC and/or LTE network). For example, PGW 225 may include oneor more data processing and/or traffic transfer devices, such as agateway, a router, a modem, a switch, a firewall, a NIC, a hub, abridge, a server device, an OADM, or any other type of device thatprocesses and/or transfers traffic. In some implementations, PGW 225 mayaggregate traffic received from one or more SGWs 220, and may send theaggregated traffic to network 240. Additionally, or alternatively, PGW225 may receive traffic from network 240, and may send the traffic to UE205 via SGW 220 and base station 210. PGW 225 may record data usageinformation (e.g., byte usage), and may provide the data usageinformation to AAA 235.

HSS 230 includes one or more devices, such as one or more serverdevices, capable of managing (e.g., receiving, generating, storing,processing, and/or providing) information associated with UE 205. Forexample, HSS 230 may manage subscription information associated with UE205, such as information that identifies a subscriber profile of a userassociated with UE 205, information that identifies services and/orapplications that are accessible to UE 205, location informationassociated with UE 205, a network identifier (e.g., a network address)that identifies UE 205, information that identifies a treatment of UE205 (e.g., quality of service information, a quantity of minutes allowedper time period, a quantity of data consumption allowed per time period,etc.), and/or similar information. HSS 230 may provide this informationto one or more other devices of environment 200 to support theoperations performed by those devices.

AAA 235 includes one or more devices, such as one or more serverdevices, that perform authentication, authorization, and/or accountingoperations for communication sessions associated with UE 205. Forexample, AAA 235 may perform authentication operations for UE 205 and/ora user of UE 205 (e.g., using one or more credentials), may controlaccess, by UE 205, to a service and/or an application (e.g., based onone or more restrictions, such as time-of-day restrictions, locationrestrictions, single or multiple access restrictions, read/writerestrictions, etc.), may track resources consumed by UE 205 (e.g., aquantity of voice minutes consumed, a quantity of data consumed, etc.),and/or may perform similar operations.

Network 240 includes one or more wired and/or wireless networks. Forexample, network 240 may include a cellular network (e.g., an LTEnetwork, a 3G network, a code division multiple access (CDMA) network,etc.), a public land mobile network (PLMN), a wireless local areanetwork (e.g., a Wi-Fi network), a local area network (LAN), a wide areanetwork (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a telephone network(e.g., the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)), a private network,an ad hoc network, an intranet, the Internet, a fiber optic-basednetwork, a cloud computing network, and/or a combination of these orother types of networks.

The number and arrangement of devices and networks shown in FIG. 2 areprovided as an example. In practice, there may be additional devicesand/or networks, fewer devices and/or networks, different devices and/ornetworks, or differently arranged devices and/or networks than thoseshown in FIG. 2. Furthermore, two or more devices shown in FIG. 2 may beimplemented within a single device, or a single device shown in FIG. 2may be implemented as multiple, distributed devices. Additionally, oralternatively, a set of devices (e.g., one or more devices) ofenvironment 200 may perform one or more functions described as beingperformed by another set of devices of environment 200.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of example components of a device 300. Device 300may correspond to UE 205, base station 210, MME 215, SGW 220, PGW 225,HSS 230 and/or AAA 235. In some implementations, UE 205, base station210, MME 215, SGW 220, PGW 225, HSS 230 and/or AAA 235 may include oneor more devices 300 and/or one or more components of device 300. Asshown in FIG. 3, device 300 may include a bus 310, a processor 320, amemory 330, a storage component 340, an input component 350, an outputcomponent 360, and a communication interface 370.

Bus 310 includes a component that permits communication among thecomponents of device 300. Processor 320 is implemented in hardware,firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. Processor 320 is acentral processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), anaccelerated processing unit (APU), a microprocessor, a microcontroller,a digital signal processor, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or another type ofprocessing component. In some implementations, processor 320 includesone or more processors capable of being programmed to perform afunction. Memory 330 includes a random access memory (RAM), a read onlymemory (ROM), and/or another type of dynamic or static storage device(e.g., a flash memory, a magnetic memory, and/or an optical memory) thatstores information and/or instructions for use by processor 320.

Storage component 340 stores information and/or software related to theoperation and use of device 300. For example, storage component 340 mayinclude a hard disk (e.g., a magnetic disk, an optical disk, amagneto-optic disk, and/or a solid state disk), a compact disc (CD), adigital versatile disc (DVD), a floppy disk, a cartridge, a magnetictape, and/or another type of non-transitory computer-readable medium,along with a corresponding drive.

Input component 350 includes a component that permits device 300 toreceive information, such as via user input (e.g., a touch screendisplay, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a button, a switch, and/or amicrophone). Additionally, or alternatively, input component 350 mayinclude a sensor for sensing information (e.g., a global positioningsystem (GPS) component, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and/or anactuator). Output component 360 includes a component that providesoutput information from device 300 (e.g., a display, a speaker, and/orone or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs)).

Communication interface 370 includes a transceiver-like component (e.g.,a transceiver and/or a separate receiver and transmitter) that enablesdevice 300 to communicate with other devices, such as via a wiredconnection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired andwireless connections. Communication interface 370 may permit device 300to receive information from another device and/or provide information toanother device. For example, communication interface 370 may include anEthernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, aninfrared interface, a radio frequency (RF) interface, a universal serialbus (USB) interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a cellular network interface, orthe like.

Device 300 may perform one or more processes described herein. Device300 may perform these processes in response to processor 320 executingsoftware instructions stored by a non-transitory computer-readablemedium, such as memory 330 and/or storage component 340. Acomputer-readable medium is defined herein as a non-transitory memorydevice. A memory device includes memory space within a single physicalstorage device or memory space spread across multiple physical storagedevices.

Software instructions may be read into memory 330 and/or storagecomponent 340 from another computer-readable medium or from anotherdevice via communication interface 370. When executed, softwareinstructions stored in memory 330 and/or storage component 340 may causeprocessor 320 to perform one or more processes described herein.Additionally, or alternatively, hardwired circuitry may be used in placeof or in combination with software instructions to perform one or moreprocesses described herein. Thus, implementations described herein arenot limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry andsoftware.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 3 are provided asan example. In practice, device 300 may include additional components,fewer components, different components, or differently arrangedcomponents than those shown in FIG. 3. Additionally, or alternatively, aset of components (e.g., one or more components) of device 300 mayperform one or more functions described as being performed by anotherset of components of device 300.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an example process 400 for assigningorthogonal patterns to UEs and scheduling the UEs to transmit repetitivedata using a same set of radio resources. In some implementations, oneor more process blocks of FIG. 4 may be performed by base station 210.In some implementations, one or more process blocks of FIG. 4 may beperformed by another device or a group of devices separate from orincluding base station 210, such as MME 215, SGW 220, PGW 225, HHS 230and/or AAA 235.

As shown in FIG. 4, process 400 may include identifying UEs to transmitrepetitive data using a same set of radio resources (block 410). Forexample, base station 210 may identify UEs 205 to transmit repetitivedata using a same set of radio resources.

In some implementations, repetitive data may include data that istransmitted multiple times by a first device for reception by a seconddevice. For example, repetitive data may include data repeated by UE 205to base station 210 (i.e., on the uplink) in consecutive subframes. Insome implementations, repetitive data may be transmitted in order toimprove coverage, as described above.

In some implementations, base station 210 may identify UEs 205 totransmit repetitive data using a same set of radio resources based onrepetition times associated with UEs 205. A repetition time is an amountof time needed to transmit the repetitive data. For example, arepetition time may be 32 ms (e.g., such that a 1 ms subframe may berepeated 32 times).

In some implementations, base station 210 may determine the repetitiontime based on information associated with UE 205. For example, basestation 210 may receive (e.g., from UE 205 during establishment of aconnection between UE 205 and base station 210) information thatidentifies a number of times that UE 205 is to repeat data. Here, basestation 210 may determine the repetition time as an amount of timeneeded to transmit the data the identified number of times. For example,where each repetition is one subframe in length, the repetition timematches the number of repetitions.

As another example, UE 205 may indicate, to base station 210 duringestablishment of a connection between UE 205 and base station 210, thatUE 205 is a particular type of device and/or is associated with aparticular application. Here, base station 210 may identify therepetition time based on information, accessible by base station 210,that associates repetition times with device types and/or applications.For example, in a case where UE 205 is a Voice over LTE (VoLTE) UE 205,base station 210 may determine the repetition time as 32 ms (e.g., whenbase station 210 stores information indicating that a VoLTE UE 205performs 32 repetitions of data in 32 subframes).

In some implementations, base station 210 may identify the multiple UEs205 as two or more UEs 205 with matching repetition times. For example,base station 210 may identify the multiple UEs 205 as a group of fourUEs 205, each with a repetition time of 32 ms. Additionally, oralternatively, base station 210 may identify the multiple UEs 205 as twoor more UEs 205 with different repetition times. For example, basestation 210 may identify the multiple UEs 205 as a group of three UEs205, where a first and second UE 205 have repetition times of 32 ms andthe third UE 205 has a repetition time of 16 ms.

In some implementations, base station 210 may take channel coherencetimes of the UEs 205 into account when identifying the UEs 205 totransmit repetitive data using a same set of radio resources. Acoherence time is a temporal interval over which a phase of a radio waveat a given point can be predicted (i.e., where a channel impulseresponse is substantially invariant). Here, base station 210 mayidentify the multiple UEs 205 based on the repetition times and thechannel coherence times. For example, base station 210 may identify themultiple UEs 205 based on a channel coherence time threshold, where aparticular UE 205 may be grouped when a channel coherence time of theparticular UE 205 satisfies (e.g., is longer than) the channel coherencetime threshold.

As a particular example, base station 210 may identify the multiple UEs205 as a group that includes a first UE 205 with a repetition time of 32ms and a coherence time of 4 ms, a second UE 205 with a repetition timeof 32 ms and a coherence time of 8 ms, and a third UE 205 with arepetition time of 16 ms and a coherence time of 4 ms. In this example,base station 210 may exclude a fourth UE 205 of the multiple UEs 205when, for example, the fourth UE 205 has a repetition time of 32 ms anda coherence time of 1 ms and is configured with a coherence timethreshold of 4 ms or longer. In some implementations, base station 210may identity the multiple UEs 205 based on channel coherence times inorder to ensure that a set of orthogonal patterns can be applied torepetitive data transmitted by the multiple UEs 205, as described below.

As further shown in FIG. 4, process 400 may include assigning orthogonalpatterns to the UEs based on identifying the UEs (block 420). Forexample, base station 210 may assign, orthogonal patterns to the UEs 205based on identifying the UEs.

An orthogonal pattern includes a pattern associated with switching asign of (i.e., inverting) symbols included in a subframe, of a sequenceof subframes (herein referred to as a segment or a segment ofsubframes), during transmission of repetitive data. For example, anorthogonal pattern may include a pattern such as (1 1 1 1), indicatingthat, for a segment including four repetitions of data (e.g., a datapacket repeated in four consecutive subframes), signs of symbols in eachsubframe are not to be inverted. As another example, an orthogonalpattern may include pattern (1 1 −1 −1), indicating that, for a segmentincluding four repetitions, signs of symbols in the first and secondsubframes are not to be inverted, and signs of symbols in the third andfourth subframes are to be inverted. As another example, an orthogonalpattern may include pattern (1 −1) indicating that, for a segmentincluding two repetitions of a subframe, signs of symbols in the firstsubframe are not to be inverted, and signs of symbols in the secondsubframe are to be inverted.

In some implementations, the orthogonal pattern may be 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,or the like, terms in length. Here, a quantity of possible orthogonalpatterns depends on (e.g., is proportional to, matches, or the like) thelength of the pattern. For example, when the orthogonal pattern is twoterms in length, there are two possible orthogonal patterns (e.g., (1 1)and (1 −1). As another example, when the orthogonal pattern is fourterms in length, there are four possible orthogonal patterns (e.g., (1 11 1), (1 −1 1 −1), (1 1 −1 −1), and (1 −1 −1 1)). As another example,when the orthogonal pattern is 32 terms in length, there are 32 possibleorthogonal patterns. In some implementations, base station 210 mayselect the length of the orthogonal pattern in the manner describedbelow. In some implementations, the use of different orthogonal patternsallows base station 210 to differentiate repetitive data transmitted bythe multiple UEs 205 using a same set of radio resources, as describedbelow.

In some implementations, base station 210 may select a length of theorthogonal pattern such that the length of the orthogonal pattern isless than or equal to a maximum common divider of the repetition timesof the multiple UEs 205. For example, a group of UEs 205 may include twoUEs 205 with 32 ms repetition times and a third UE 205 with a 28 msrepetition time. In this case, base station 210 selects an orthogonalpattern length of 4, because 4 is the maximum common divider of 32 and28. Selection of the orthogonal pattern based on the maximum commondivider allows base station 210 to differentiate repetitive datatransmitted by the group of UEs.

Additionally, or alternatively, base station 210 may select the lengthof the orthogonal pattern such that the length of the orthogonal patternis less than or equal to a smallest channel coherence time associatedwith the multiple UEs 205. For example, a group of UEs 205 may includethree UEs 205 with 8 ms coherence times and a fourth UE 205 with a 4 mscoherence time. In this case, base station 210 selects an orthogonalpattern length of 4, because 4 ms is the smallest coherence time of thegroup of UEs 205. Selection of the orthogonal pattern length in thismanner may further help ensure that base station 210 will be able toaccurately differentiate the data provided by the multiple UEs 205.

In some implementations, base station 210 may assign a differentorthogonal pattern to each UE 205. For example, base station 210 mayassign different orthogonal patterns based on a Walsh code (or Hadamardcode) pattern, or another type of pattern. As a particular example, basestation 210 may assign, to each of 4 different UEs 205, the differentorthogonal patterns (1 1 1 1), (1 1 −1 −1), (1 −1 1 −1), and (1 −1 −11). In some implementations, base station 210 may store information thatassociates each UE 205 to a corresponding orthogonal pattern.

In some implementations, base station 210 may assign orthogonal patternsof different lengths to different UEs 205, as long as orthogonality ismaintained between the assigned orthogonal patterns. For example, basestation 210 may assign pattern (1 −1) to a first UE 205 and may assignpattern (1 1 1 1) to a second UE 205.

As further shown in FIG. 4, process 400 may include providinginformation associated with the orthogonal patterns to the UEs (block430) and scheduling the UEs to transmit repetitive data using aparticular set of radio resources (block 440). For example, base station210 may provide information associated with the orthogonal patterns tothe UEs 205 and schedule the UEs 205 to transmit repetitive data using aparticular set of radio resources.

In some implementations, base station 210 may provide the information tothe multiple UEs 205 after base station 210 assigns the orthogonalpattern. For example, base station 210 may provide, to each UE 205,information associated with the orthogonal pattern assigned to the UE205 after base station 210 assigns the orthogonal patterns (i.e.,without scheduling a transmission by the multiple UEs 205). As aparticular example, base station 210 may provide the informationassociated with the orthogonal pattern in downlink control informationprovided to UE 205.

Additionally, or alternatively, base station 210 may provide theinformation to the multiple UEs 205 when base station 210 schedules theUEs 205 to transmit repetitive data using a particular set of radioresources. For example, base station 210 may identify a set of radioresources to be used for the transmission of repetitive data by themultiple UEs 205. Here, base station 210 may treat the multiple UEs 205as a single UE 205, meaning that base station 210 schedules each of themultiple UEs 205 to use a same set of radio resources for transmission.In this example, base station 210 may provide, to each UE 205,scheduling information that identifies the set of radio resources to beused for the repetitive data transmission, and information associatedwith the orthogonal pattern assigned to the UE 205.

Although FIG. 4 shows example blocks of process 400, in someimplementations, process 400 may include additional blocks, fewerblocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than thosedepicted in FIG. 4. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of theblocks of process 400 may be performed in parallel.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams of an example implementation 500 relatingto example process 400 shown in FIG. 4. FIGS. 5A and 5B show an exampleof assigning orthogonal patterns to UEs and scheduling the UEs totransmit repetitive data using a same set of radio resources. As shownin FIG. 5A, example implementation 500 may include base station 210 andUEs 205-1, 205-2, 205-3, and 205-4. UEs 205-1 to 205-4 may be devicessuch as smartphones with high data demands or Cat-M1 or M2M devices withlow data demands. As will be understood, in the case of CAT-M1 or anyother M2M device there may be hundreds or thousands of deployed devicesat any given time trying to access the same set of radio resources.

As shown by reference number 505, base station 210 may identify UEs205-1 through 205-4 to transmit repetitive data using a same set ofradio resources. For example, base station 210 may determine the UE205-1 through UE 205-4 each have a repetition time of 32 ms and achannel coherence time of 4 ms, and may group UE 205-1 through UE 205-4for transmission of repetitive data using a same set of radio resources.As shown by reference number 510, base station 210 may assign, based onidentifying the UEs 205, orthogonal patterns to the UEs 205. Forexample, base station 210 may assign (1 1 1 1) to UE 205-1, may assign(1 1 −1 −1) to UE 205-2, may assign (1 −1 1 −1) to UE 205-3, and mayassign (1 −1 −1 1) to UE 205-4. As shown by reference numbers 515, 520,525, and 530, base station 210 may provide, to UE 205-1 through UE205-4, information that identifies the orthogonal pattern to be appliedto repetitive data by each UE 205.

As shown in FIG. 5B, base station 210 may schedule the UEs 205 totransmit repetitive data using a particular set of radio resources. Forexample, as shown by reference number 535, base station 210 may scheduleUE 205-1, UE 205-2, UE 205-3, and UE 205-4 to transmit repetitive datausing a particular set of radio resources.

As indicated above, FIGS. 5A and 5B are provided merely as an example.Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described withregard to FIGS. 5A and 5B.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an example process 600 for applying anorthogonal pattern to repetitive data, and transmitting the repetitivedata using a particular set of radio resources. In some implementations,one or more process blocks of FIG. 6 may be performed by UE 205.

As shown in FIG. 6, process 600 may include receiving informationassociated with an orthogonal pattern associated with transmittingrepetitive data (block 610). For example, UE 205 may receive informationassociated with an orthogonal pattern associated with transmittingrepetitive data.

In some implementations, UE 205 may receive the information associatedwith the orthogonal pattern when base station 210 provides theinformation associated with the orthogonal pattern. In someimplementations, UE 205 may store information associated with theorthogonal pattern such that UE 205 may apply the orthogonal pattern torepetitive data, as described below.

As further shown in FIG. 6, process 600 may include receivinginformation that identifies a particular set of radio resources fortransmitting the repetitive data (block 620). For example, UE 205 mayreceive information that identifies a particular set of radio resourcesfor transmitting repetitive data.

In some implementations, UE 205 may receive the information when basestation 210 provides the scheduling information that identifies theparticular set of radio resources to use for a repetitive datatransmission. In this case, other UEs 205, of the multiple UEs 205, mayreceive similar scheduling information.

As further shown in FIG. 6, process 600 may include applying theorthogonal pattern to the repetitive data (block 630). For example, UE205 may apply the orthogonal pattern to the repetitive data.

In some implementations, UE 205 may apply the orthogonal pattern whenpreparing to transmit the repetitive data using the particular set ofradio resources. For example, UE 205 may encode the data, perform ratematching, and generate symbols corresponding to the encoded data, in atypical manner. UE 205 may then apply the orthogonal pattern to thesymbols. After applying the orthogonal pattern to the symbols, UE 205may map the symbols for transmission using the radio resources, asusual.

In some implementations, UE 205 may apply the orthogonal pattern suchthat symbols, included in subframes of repetitive data, are invertedaccording to the orthogonal pattern. For example, UE 205 may be assignedorthogonal pattern (1 −1 −1 1). Here, a segment comprises 4 subframes.In each subframe of the segment, each symbol is inverted, whereindicated. For example, in this case, symbols in the second and thirdsubframes are inverted, while symbols in the first and fourth subframesare not inverted.

UE 205 may apply orthogonal patterns in a similar manner for eachsegment. For example, assume that for 32 repetitions, there are 8segments, each having 4 subframes. In this case, the symbols in thesubframes of each segment are inverted according to the orthogonalpattern. Here, each UE 205, of the multiple UEs 205, applies acorresponding assigned orthogonal pattern to the repetitive data to betransmitted in the particular set of radio resources. As explainedabove, the orthogonal pattern may be different for each UE.

As further shown in FIG. 6, process 600 may include transmitting therepetitive data, using the particular set of radio resources, based onapplying the orthogonal pattern to the repetitive data (block 640). Forexample, UE 205 may transmit the repetitive data, using the particularset of radio resources, based on applying the orthogonal pattern to therepetitive data.

In some implementations, UE 205 may transmit the repetitive data usingthe particular set of radio resources after applying the orthogonalpattern, as described above. In this way, each UE 205, of the multipleUEs 205, may transmit respective repetitive data using the particularset of radio resources (e.g., such that the multiple UEs 205concurrently transmit repetitive data using the same set of radioresources). This may improve efficiency in usage of radio resources, aswell as reduce transmission delay time associated with a given UE 205.

Although FIG. 6 shows example blocks of process 600, in someimplementations, process 600 may include additional blocks, fewerblocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than thosedepicted in FIG. 6. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of theblocks of process 600 may be performed in parallel.

FIGS. 7A-7C are diagrams of an example implementation 700 relating toexample process 600 shown in FIG. 6. FIGS. 7A-7C show an example ofapplying an orthogonal pattern to repetitive data and transmitting therepetitive data using a particular set of radio resources.

As shown in FIG. 7A, example implementation 700 may include UEs 205 andbase station 210. As shown by reference numbers 705, 710, 715, and 720,each of UE 205-1 through 205-4 may apply an assigned orthogonal patternto repetitive data. For example, as shown by reference number 705, UE205-1 may apply (1 1 1 1) to the repetitive data. Similarly, as shown byreference number 710, UE 205-2 may apply (1 1 −1 −1) to the repetitivedata. Similarly, as shown by reference number 715, UE 205-3 may apply (1−1 1 −1) to the repetitive data. Similarly, as shown by reference number720, UE 205-4 may apply (1 −1 −1 1) to the repetitive data. As shown byreference number 725, UE 205 through 205-4 may transmit the repetitivedata, using the particular (i.e., same) set of radio resources.

As shown in FIG. 7B, in transmitting the data bits of a subframe, UE 205may encode the data, may perform rate matching, and may generate symbolscorresponding to the encoded data, as shown. UE 205 may then apply theorthogonal pattern to the generated symbols. After applying theorthogonal pattern to the symbols, UE 205 may map the symbols fortransmission using the radio resources, as described above.

FIG. 7C is an illustrative example of how the orthogonal patterns may beapplied to the repetitive data. Here, each block represents a subframewith a 1 PRB width. As shown in FIG. 7C, in transmitting 32 repetitivesubframes, each UE 205 may apply a different orthogonal pattern. Forexample, UE 205-1 may apply orthogonal pattern (1 1 1 1) to each segmentof 4 subframes. Similarly, UE 205-2 may apply the orthogonal pattern (11 −1 −1) to each segment. Similarly, UE 205-3 may apply the orthogonalpattern (1 −1 1 −1) to each segment. Similarly, UE 205-4 may apply theorthogonal pattern (1 −1 −1 1) to each segment.

As indicated above, FIGS. 7A-7C are provided merely as an example. Otherexamples are possible and may differ from what was described with regardto FIGS. 7A-7C.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an example process 800 for applying assignedorthogonal patterns to received repetitive data, associated withmultiple UEs, to differentiate repetitive data transmitted by themultiple UEs using a particular set of radio resources. In someimplementations, one or more process blocks of FIG. 8 may be performedby base station 210. In some implementations, one or more process blocksof FIG. 8 may be performed by another device or a group of devicesseparate from or including base station 210, such as MME 215, SGW 220,PGW 225, HHS 230 and/or AAA 235.

As shown in FIG. 8, process 800 may include receiving repetitive datatransmitted using a particular set of radio resources (block 810). Forexample, base station 210 may receive repetitive data transmitted usinga particular set of radio resources.

In some implementations, the repetitive data may include datatransmitted by the multiple UEs 205. In some implementations, basestation 210 may receive the repetitive data when the multiple UEs 205transmit respective data using the particular set of radio resources, asdescribed above.

As further shown in FIG. 8, process 800 may include identifyingorthogonal patterns corresponding to UEs scheduled to transmitrepetitive data using the particular set of radio resources (block 820).For example, base station 210 may identify orthogonal patternscorresponding to UEs 205 scheduled to transmit repetitive data using theparticular set of radio resources.

In some implementations, base station 210 may identify the orthogonalpatterns based on information, stored by base station 210, based onassigning the orthogonal patterns, as described above. In someimplementations, base station 210 may identify the orthogonal patternsbased on information that identifies the multiple UEs 205 scheduled totransmit using the particular set of radio resources. In someimplementations, base station 210 may use identifiers, associated withthe multiple UEs 205, to identifying the orthogonal patterns (e.g., whenbase station 210 stores information that associates each of the multipleUEs 205 with a corresponding orthogonal pattern).

As further shown in FIG. 8, process 800 may include applying theorthogonal patterns to the received repetitive data to differentiate therepetitive data transmitted by the UEs using the particular set of radioresources (block 830). For example, base station 210 may apply theorthogonal patterns to the received repetitive data to differentiate therepetitive data transmitted by the UEs 205 using the particular set ofradio resources.

In some implementations, base station 210 may apply the orthogonalpattern based on receiving the repetitive data in the particular set ofradio resources. For example, base station 210 may receive radio signalsassociated with the particular set of radio resources and extractsymbols from the radio signals. Base station 210 may then apply each ofthe orthogonal patterns to the symbols (i.e., base station 210 may applyeach orthogonal pattern to a different copy of the symbols), andaccumulate symbols, associated with each segment, for each orthogonalpattern. Here, after applying the orthogonal patterns and accumulatingthe symbols, base station 210 may continue with channel estimation,symbol combining, rate de-matching, and decoding of the data (e.g., foreach UE 205).

In some implementations, base station 210 may apply the orthogonalpattern such that symbols, included in subframes of repetitive data, areinverted according to the orthogonal pattern. For example, base station210 may apply orthogonal pattern (1 −1 −1 1) associated with aparticular UE 205. Here, assume that a segment comprises 4 subframes. Ineach subframe of the segment, base station 210 inverts symbols asindicated. In this case, symbols in the second and third subframes areinverted, while symbols in first and fourth subframes are not inverted.This effectively undoes the inverting of symbols previously performed byUE 205. Here, base station 210 accumulates symbols for each segment,which removes interference of other data transmitted by other UEs 205.In this way, base station 210 differentiates the repetitive dataassociated with each of the multiple UEs 205.

Base station 210 may apply the orthogonal patterns in a similar mannerfor each segment. For example, assume that for 32 repetitions, there are8 segments, each having 4 subframes. In this case, base station 210inverts the symbols according to the pattern and does 8 accumulations ofthe symbols (one for each segment), before proceeding as usual. Basestation 210 may apply orthogonal patterns, each corresponding to adifferent UE 205 of the multiple UEs 205, to the received symbols. Here,base station 210 applies each assigned orthogonal pattern to therepetitive data in order to differentiate the repetitive datatransmitted by the multiple UEs 205.

In some implementations, after applying the orthogonal patterns, basestation 210 may determine data (e.g., packets of data) repeated by eachUE 205 in the corresponding repetitive data transmissions. In this way,base station 210 may receive and differentiate multiple items ofrepetitive data, transmitted by multiple UEs 205, in a same set of radioresources, while still achieving improved coverage (through datarepetition). In some implementations, after determining the datarepeated by each UE, base station 210 may output and/or provide the dataassociated with each UE 205.

Although FIG. 8 shows example blocks of process 800, in someimplementations, process 800 may include additional blocks, fewerblocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than thosedepicted in FIG. 8. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of theblocks of process 800 may be performed in parallel.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams of an example implementation 900 relatingto example process 800 shown in FIG. 8. FIGS. 9A and 9B show an exampleof applying assigned orthogonal patterns to received repetitive data,associated with multiple UEs, to differentiate repetitive datatransmitted by the multiple UEs using a particular set of radioresources.

As shown in FIG. 9A, example implementation 900 includes base station210. As shown by reference number 905, base station 210 may receiverepetitive data transmitted using a particular set of radio resources.As shown by reference numbers 910 through 925, base station 210 mayapply the orthogonal patterns to the received repetitive data todifferentiate the repetitive data transmitted by the UEs 205 using theparticular set of radio resources. For example, as shown by referencenumber 910, base station 210 may apply (1 1 1 1) to the receivedrepetitive data to differentiate the UE 205-1 data. Similarly, as shownby reference number 915, base station 210 may apply (1 1 −1 −1) to thereceived repetitive data to differentiate the UE 205-2 data. Similarly,as shown by reference number 920, base station 210 may apply (1 −1 1 −1)to the received repetitive data to differentiate the UE 205-3 data.Similarly, as shown by reference number 925, base station 210 may apply(1 −1 −1 1) to the received repetitive data to differentiate the UE205-4 data. As shown, base station 210 may then provide the datatransmitted by UEs 205-1 through 205-4, as needed.

FIG. 9B is an illustrative example of a manner in which base station 210may process the received repetitive data. As shown in FIG. 9B, basestation 210 may receive radio signals associated with the particular setof radio resources, and may extract symbols from the radio signals, asshown. Base station 210 may then apply each of the orthogonal patternsto the symbols (e.g., to different copies of the symbols), and mayaccumulate symbols, associated with each segment (e.g., each group of 4subframes) for each orthogonal pattern. After applying the orthogonalpatterns and accumulating the symbols, base station 210 may performchannel estimation, symbol combining, rate de-matching, and decoding,for each UE 205, as shown. At this point, base station 210 hasdifferentiated the data transmitted by each of UE 205-1 through UE205-4.

As indicated above, FIGS. 9A and 9B are provided merely as an example.Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described withregard to FIGS. 9A and 9B.

Implementations described herein may provide for channel multiplexingthat allows a base station to receive and decode repetitive datatransmissions from multiple UEs that use the same set of radio resourcesto transmit the repetitive data. This allows more efficient utilizationof radio resources used for repetitive data transmissions (e.g., ascompared to allowing a single UE to use a given set of radio resourcesat a given time). Furthermore, delay in a transmission by a UE may bereduced (e.g., since multiple UEs may transmit more frequently).

In this way, uplink capacity is increased. For example, someimplementations may provide up to 2^(n) times more efficiency in uplinkresource usage, leading to a 2^(n) increase in capacity, where n is aninteger chosen by base station 210 (e.g., based on repetition timesand/or channel coherency of UEs 205). For example, 2^(n) may be a lengthof a Walsh code. Here, if base station 210 chooses the Walsh code to be32 bits long, then up to 32 UEs 205 may be multiplexed together sharingthe same radio resources. In this case, n is equal to 5 (e.g., 2⁵=32).

Furthermore, capacity advantages are provided without impacting coverageor requiring base station 210 to perform additional process intensivesteps (e.g., there is no duplication of discrete Fourier transformationby base station 210).

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but isnot intended to be exhaustive or to limit the implementations to theprecise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible inlight of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of theimplementations.

For example, while implementations described herein are described in thecontext of a relatively small number of UEs (e.g., four UEs), in someimplementations, the techniques described herein may be applied to arelatively large number of UEs, such as a relatively large number (e.g.,30, 60, 100, or the like) of IoT devices. Here, each of the IoT devicesmay have a relatively low data demand, but may have a simultaneous ornear-simultaneous access time and/or wake-up time at which the IoTdevices are to transmit repetitive data. In such a case, the abovedescribed techniques may be applied in order to efficiently andeffectively allow the IoT devices to use the same set of radio resourcesto simultaneously transmit their respective repetitive data.

As another example, while implementations described herein are describedin the context of uplink channel multiplexing, in some implementations,similar techniques may be applied to downlink channel multiplexing. Insuch a case, base station 210 may transmit different data to multipleUEs using a same set of radio resources. This may permit a voiceactivity factor to be taken advantage of (e.g., since otherwise downlinkradio resource may be still allocated even if there is no downlinktraffic) and/or may allow power control to be taken advantage of suchthat an amount of transmission power used is reduced (e.g., as comparedto transmitting to each UE individually using different radioresources).

As used herein, the term component is intended to be broadly construedas hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software.

Some implementations are described herein in connection with thresholds.As used herein, satisfying a threshold may refer to a value beinggreater than the threshold, more than the threshold, higher than thethreshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than thethreshold, fewer than the threshold, lower than the threshold, less thanor equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, etc.

To the extent the aforementioned embodiments collect, store, or employpersonal information provided by individuals, it should be understoodthat such information shall be used in accordance with all applicablelaws concerning protection of personal information. Additionally, thecollection, storage, and use of such information may be subject toconsent of the individual to such activity, for example, through wellknown “opt-in” or “opt-out” processes as may be appropriate for thesituation and type of information. Storage and use of personalinformation may be in an appropriately secure manner reflective of thetype of information, for example, through various encryption andanonymization techniques for particularly sensitive information.

It will be apparent that systems and/or methods, described herein, maybe implemented in different forms of hardware, firmware, or acombination of hardware and software. The actual specialized controlhardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methodsis not limiting of the implementations. Thus, the operation and behaviorof the systems and/or methods were described herein without reference tospecific software code—it being understood that software and hardwarecan be designed to implement the systems and/or methods based on thedescription herein.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are notintended to limit the disclosure of possible implementations. In fact,many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recitedin the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although eachdependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, thedisclosure of possible implementations includes each dependent claim incombination with every other claim in the claim set.

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed ascritical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as usedherein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or moreitems, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore,as used herein, the term “set” is intended to include one or more items(e.g., related items, unrelated items, a combination of related andunrelated items, etc.), and may be used interchangeably with “one ormore.” Where only one item is intended, the term “one” or similarlanguage is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,”“having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, thephrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on”unless explicitly stated otherwise.

What is claimed is:
 1. A base station, comprising: a memory; and one ormore processors to: receive repetitive data transmitted using aparticular set of radio resources, the repetitive data including firstrepetitive data being transmitted multiple times in consecutive segmentsby a first user equipment (UE) while second repetitive data istransmitted multiple times in consecutive segments by a second UE; applya first orthogonal pattern, assigned to the first UE, to eachconsecutive segment of subframes of the repetitive data such that atleast one symbol in the subframes of each segment is inverted accordingto the first orthogonal pattern; apply a second orthogonal pattern,assigned to the second UE, to each consecutive segment of subframes ofthe repetitive data such that at least one other symbol in the subframesof each segment is inverted according to the second orthogonal pattern,the second orthogonal pattern being different from the first orthogonalpattern; determine the first repetitive data, transmitted by the firstUE using the particular set of radio resources, based on applying thefirst orthogonal pattern to each segment of subframes of the repetitivedata; and determine the second repetitive data, concurrently transmittedby the second UE using the particular set of radio resources, based onapplying the second orthogonal pattern to each segment of subframes ofthe repetitive data.
 2. The base station of claim 1, where the one ormore processors are further to: identify the first UE and the second UEas UEs to transmit the repetitive data using a same set of radioresources; and assign the first orthogonal pattern to the first UE andthe second orthogonal pattern to the second UE based on identifying thefirst UE and the second UE as UEs to transmit the repetitive data usingthe same set of radio resources.
 3. The base station of claim 2, wherethe one or more processors are further to: determine a first repetitiontime, associated with the first UE, and a second repetition timeassociated with the second UE; and where the one or more processors,when identifying the first UE and the second UE as UEs to transmit therepetitive data using the same set of radio resources, are to: identifythe first UE and the second UE as UEs to transmit the repetitive datausing the same set of radio resources based on the first repetition timeand the second repetition time.
 4. The base station of claim 2, wherethe one or more processors are further to: provide informationassociated with the first orthogonal pattern to the first UE based onassigning the first orthogonal pattern to the first UE; and provideinformation associated with the second orthogonal pattern to the secondUE based on assigning the second orthogonal pattern to the second UE. 5.The base station of claim 1, where the one or more processors arefurther to: schedule the first UE to transmit the first repetitive dataand the second UE to transmit the second repetitive data using theparticular set of radio resources.
 6. The base station of claim 1, wherethe one or more processors, when applying the first orthogonal patternto the segment of subframes of the repetitive data, are to: selectivelyinvert symbols in a subframe, of the segment of subframes, in accordancewith the first orthogonal pattern.
 7. The base station of claim 1, wherethe one or more processors are further to: identify the first orthogonalpattern, assigned to the first UE, and the second orthogonal pattern,assigned to the second UE, based on receiving the repetitive datatransmitted using the particular set of radio resources.
 8. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, theinstructions comprising: one or more instructions that, when executed byone or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: receiverepetitive data transmitted using a particular set of radio resources,the repetitive data including first repetitive data being transmittedmultiple times in consecutive segments by a first user equipment (UE)while second repetitive data is transmitted multiple times inconsecutive segments by a second UE; apply a plurality of orthogonalpatterns, assigned to a corresponding plurality of UEs, to eachconsecutive segments of subframes of the repetitive data, the pluralityof UEs including the first UE and the second UE, where the instructions,that cause the one or more processors to apply the plurality oforthogonal patterns, further cause the one or more processors to: applya first orthogonal pattern, assigned to the first UE, to eachconsecutive segment of subframes of the repetitive data such that atleast one symbol in the subframes of each segment is inverted accordingto the first orthogonal pattern, and apply a second orthogonal pattern,assigned to the second UE, to each consecutive segment of subframes ofthe repetitive data such that at least one other symbol in the subframesof each segment is inverted according to the second orthogonal pattern,and each orthogonal pattern, of the plurality of orthogonal patterns,being different from every other orthogonal pattern of the plurality oforthogonal patterns; and determine the first repetitive data,transmitted by the first UE of the plurality of UEs, based on applying afirst orthogonal pattern, of the plurality of orthogonal patterns, toeach segment of subframes of the repetitive data, the first repetitivedata having been transmitted by the first UE using the particular set ofradio resources, and the first repetitive data being different from thesecond repetitive data currently transmitted by the second UE using theparticular set of radio resources.
 9. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 8, where the one or more instructions,when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one ormore processors to: identify the plurality of UEs as a group of UEs totransmit the repetitive data a set amount of times using a same set ofradio resources; and assign the plurality of orthogonal patterns to theplurality of UEs based on identifying the plurality of UEs as the groupof UEs to transmit the repetitive data using the same set of radioresources.
 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9,where the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, further cause the one or more processors to: determine aplurality of channel coherence times corresponding to the plurality ofUEs, the channel coherence time being a temporal interval over which aphase of a radio wave at a given point can be predicted; and where theinstructions, that cause the one or more processors to identify theplurality of UEs as the group of UEs to transmit the repetitive datausing the same set of radio resources, are to: identify the plurality ofUEs as the group of UEs to transmit the repetitive data using the sameset of radio resources based on the plurality of channel coherencetimes.
 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherethe one or more instructions, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, further cause the one or more processors to: provideinformation associated with the plurality of orthogonal patterns to theplurality of UEs based on assigning the plurality of orthogonal patternsto the plurality of UEs.
 12. The non-transitory computer-readable mediumof claim 8, where the one or more instructions, when executed by the oneor more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:schedule the plurality of UEs to transmit the repetitive data using theparticular set of radio resources.
 13. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 8, where the one or more instructionswhen causing the one or more processors to apply the first orthogonalpattern to the segments of subframes of the repetitive data, cause theone or more processors to: selectively invert symbols in a subframe, ofeach of the segments of subframes, in accordance with the firstorthogonal pattern.
 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 8, where the one or more instructions, when executed by the one ormore processors, further cause the one or more processors to: identifythe plurality of orthogonal patterns based on receiving the repetitivedata transmitted using the particular set of radio resources.
 15. Amethod, comprising: receiving, by a device, repetitive data transmittedusing a particular set of radio resources, the repetitive data includingfirst repetitive data being transmitted multiple times in consecutivesegments by a first user equipment (UE) while second repetitive data istransmitted multiple times in consecutive segments by a second UE, thefirst repetitive data transmitted by the first UE using the particularset of radio resources, and the second repetitive data concurrentlytransmitted by the second UE using the particular set of radioresources; applying, by the device, a first orthogonal pattern, assignedto the first UE, to each consecutive segment of subframes of therepetitive data such that at least one symbol in the subframes of eachsegment is inverted according to the first orthogonal pattern; applying,by the device, a second orthogonal pattern, assigned to the second UE,to each consecutive segment of subframes of the repetitive data suchthat at least one other symbol in the subframes of each segment isinverted according to the second orthogonal pattern; determining, by thedevice, the first repetitive data based on applying the first orthogonalpattern to each segment of subframes of the repetitive data; anddetermining, by the device, the second repetitive data based on applyingthe second orthogonal pattern to each segment of subframes of therepetitive data.
 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:identifying the first UE and the second UE as UEs to transmit using asame set of radio resources; and assigning the first orthogonal patternto the first UE and the second orthogonal pattern to the second UE basedon identifying the first UE and the second UE as UEs to transmit usingthe same set of radio resources.
 17. The method of claim 16, furthercomprising: determining a first repetition time, associated with thefirst UE, and a second repetition time associated with the second UE;and determining a first channel coherence time, associated with thefirst UE, and a second channel coherence time, associated with thesecond UE; and where identifying the first UE and the second UE as UEsto transmit using the same set of radio resources comprises: identifyingthe first UE and the second UE as UEs to transmit using the same set ofradio resources based on the first repetition time, the secondrepetition time, the first channel coherence time, or the second channelcoherence time.
 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:providing information associated with the first orthogonal pattern tothe first UE to permit the first UE to apply the first orthogonalpattern when transmitting the first repetitive data; and providinginformation associated with the second orthogonal pattern to the secondUE to permit the second UE to apply the second orthogonal pattern whentransmitting the second repetitive data.
 19. The method of claim 15,further comprising: scheduling the first UE to transmit the firstrepetitive data using the particular set of radio resources; andscheduling the second UE to transmit the second repetitive data usingthe particular set of radio resources.
 20. The method of claim 15, whereapplying the first orthogonal pattern to the repetitive data comprises:selectively inverting symbols in a subframe, of a segment of subframesof the repetitive data, based on the first orthogonal pattern.